Mi nombre es Rick zuarez como artista y persona que peinsa en el Planeta tierra les muestro a continuacion mi preocupacion por como el mundo cambio, no solo este estudio que muestra estragos de los incendios de Amazonas, este articulo es del aƱo pasado y se a incrementado en 79% mas los incendios del amazonas, donde la tala indiscriminada de sus arboles y las quemas de su ecosistema y muerte de especies y de la comunidad indigena, No tiene presedentes.
Lo que no vemos, no existe. QuizĆ” sea un poco exagerado, pero por algo se dice āver para creerā. Ha tenido que llegar el humo a Sao Paulo y oscurecer el cielo de la ciudad a las tres de la tarde el pasado 20 de agosto para creernos que el Amazonas se estĆ” quemando mĆ”s de la cuenta en esta temporada de 2019, pero hoy 3 de septiembre de 2020 la situacion no ha cambiado, en plena pandemia , los medios de comunicación, solo muestran el Coronavirus ,pero se olvido que el Amazonas sigue ardiendo, este presidente no hace nada , favorece alos ganaderos que siguen provocando los incendios para poner sus miles de cabezas de ganado destruyendo el pulmon del mundo, realmente si no hay una politica que pare esta masacre contra la naturaleza el calentamiento global se va hacia arriba, el amazonas ayudaba mucho a ese equilibrio , cada vez lso veranos en EEUU y espaƱa o europa llegan hasta a temperaturas de 50 grados, algo que no se habia visto, si el ser humano no para esta destruccion, al cabo de unos aƱos ya no habra vuelta atrĆ”s, yo son ambientalista, y creo que tod ala atencion del mundo hoy 2020 se va para el coronavirus que dejo apaises pobres mas pobres , miles de personas perdieron sus empleos , pero lo mas grave, si destruimos nuestro ecosistema y el planeta, a donde iremos??? No hay otro planeta para habitar, creo que esto que planteo es grave y de nosotros y de hablar con los dirigentes del mundo, para que se tome cartas en el asunto de Amazonas ya! Es urgente antes que esto se salga mas de las manos.
Pero lo mĆ”s grave no se ve. Hay muchos y muy importantes efectos de estos incendios. Las consecuencias no se reducen a las llamas y los Ć”rboles calcinados que aparecen en las fotos. Nadie puede ver a simple vista un proceso ecológico, del mismo modo que nadie puede observar el rĆo mĆ”s grande del planeta sin elevarse lo suficiente.
Pero el rĆo mĆ”s grande del planeta es en realidad invisible; es el rĆo formado por la suma de las columnas de agua que cada Ć”rbol amazónico extrae del suelo y transporta a la atmósfera. Es otro rĆo que no se ve, pero su estado influye profundamente en la salud del planeta y en nuestro propio bienestar.
Ese rĆo invisible se genera gracias a la transpiración de billones de Ć”rboles. Cada uno de ellos moviliza hasta una tonelada de agua diariamente. Este fenómeno da lugar a un clima regional Ćŗnico, evita que la región sur de Brasil, Uruguay, Paraguay y norte de Argentina se conviertan en desierto y regula el clima de toda la Tierra.
Los incendios, provocados para deforestar, son la forma mƔs rudimentaria, destructiva y barata de abrirse paso en el bosque. Se provocan a gran escala en todas las regiones tropicales del mundo, pero en el Amazonas se han batido rƩcords este agosto, de 2019
Aunque la cautela cientĆfica sugiere que aĆŗn es pronto para afirmarlo con certeza, dos de estos rĆ©cords resultan incuestionables: – El nĆŗmero de focos de incendio, con mĆ”s de 75 000 (se contaban 2 500 activos en el momento de escribir este artĆculo). – La extensión afectada: mĆ”s de 3 000 kilómetros cuadrados, el triple de lo que se ha quemado otros aƱos.
Y la temporada de incendios continĆŗa oficialmente hasta finales de septiembre, asĆ que las cifras pueden aumentar.
Espesor óptico de aerosoles medidos a 550 nm en AmĆ©rica del Sur, como estimador del humo de los incendios. En a) se muestra la media para los meses mĆ”s secos y con mayor nĆŗmero de incendios (junio, julio y agosto) para el periodo 2001-2016 y en b) para el dĆa 20 de agosto de 2019 durante uno de los incendios mĆ”s extensos registrados en la AmazonĆa. Puede verse la gran extensión del humo que llega a Sao Paulo, a mĆ”s de 2000 km de los focos principales y que cruza el AtlĆ”ntico. Si se comparan las escalas, se aprecia que los valores de espesor óptico son mayores en 2019. Adaptado de Malavelle et al. 2019 (a) y del Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (b)
A la hora de buscar culpables, difĆcilmente se puede seƱalar a una sequĆa inusualmente severa. La de este aƱo es normal. MĆ”s bien floja. El fenómeno de El NiƱo, que se asocia con los incendios mĆ”s importantes en esta región, ha sido dĆ©bil en el 2019. El hecho de que los focos se localicen principalmente en la periferia de las grandes masas boscosas termina de confirmar el origen humano de las llamas.
Quemar el bosque supone no solo eliminar los Ć”rboles, sino tambiĆ©n destruir la fertilidad del suelo y eliminar miles de especies de animales, plantas, hongos y bacterias que cumplen una función biológica esencial. De hecho, todos estos organismos mejorarĆan el rendimiento de las plantaciones y pastos ganaderos que pudieran cultivarse tras el incendio.
Prender fuego a todo eso es un acto de vandalismo. Y al igual que un vĆ”ndalo que destruya el mobiliario urbano se queda sin un banco para sentarse, quienes queman el bosque se quedan sin funciones ecológicas clave que permitirĆan una producción mĆ”s elevada y una mayor resiliencia ante perturbaciones, sean naturales o no.
Dada la magnitud de los incendios de los que hablamos y la contribución del Amazonas a los grandes ciclos globales, como el del carbono, el oxĆgeno y el agua, es un vandalismo de consecuencias planetarias. No en vano, el Amazonas produce la quinta parte del oxĆgeno que respiramos y captura la quinta parte del COā que emitimos. Por el rĆo Amazonas circula la quinta parte de las reservas mundiales de agua dulce.
Cambios en el bosque y en el clima
Incendios, Amazonas, clima y COā. Estos cuatro conceptos estĆ”n estrechamente ligados. Los incendios cambian el bosque amazónico y la destrucción de este bosque modifica el clima. Los incendios emiten a la atmósfera el carbono almacenado durante largo tiempo en los Ć”rboles y en el suelo, favoreciendo el calentamiento global. AdemĆ”s, la desaparición de los Ć”rboles disminuye la capacidad de secuestrar el carbono por fotosĆntesis, con lo que perdemos eficacia para mitigar este calentamiento global.
La deforestación generada por los incendios hace que llegue mÔs radiación a las capas bajas del bosque. Como consecuencia, el suelo se seca, cambian las comunidades de animales y plantas y se produce menos transpiración. Se genera asà un nuevo clima local debido a la deforestación que cambia a su vez el bosque.
El nuevo bosque afectado por los incendios transpira menos, mueve menos agua, produce menos compuestos volĆ”tiles que favorecen la lluvia en la atmósfera. Con todo ello, se genera un ciclo sin control que lleva al avance de la sabana donde antes habĆa bosques. Este bosque alterado crece menos y, por tanto, fija menos carbono.
Ya se tienen evidencias de que la productividad del bosque amazónico y, por tanto, su fijación del carbono atmosférico, se han reducido a la mitad en los últimos treinta años. Varios estudios demuestran un importante avance de la sabana a expensas del bosque amazónico: en sesenta años se ha perdido ya la quinta parte de este bosque. Y este 2019 va a contribuir mÔs de lo normal a esta tendencia negativa.
La recuperación del bosque amazónico es lenta y, en ciertas situaciones, el paso a la sabana es irreversible. Asà que, incluso en el mejor escenario de prevención de incendios y de conservación de los bosques existentes, tardaremos décadas en recuperar la función ecológica que se ha perdido en las últimas semanas y, con ello, una parte de la capacidad del Amazonas de mitigar el cambio climÔtico y regular el clima regional y planetario.
Va a ser mĆ”s difĆcil cumplir con el Acuerdo de ParĆs y la Agenda 2030 de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. Hicimos los cĆ”lculos contando con un COā almacenado en el Amazonas que estos incendios han puesto ya en la atmósfera. Hicimos los cĆ”lculos contando con un bosque amazónico grande y sano que fuera capaz de captar mucho COā durante los próximos aƱos.
Ahora, hay que rehacer esos cĆ”lculos. Y tocarĆ” hacer encaje de bolillos con nuestras emisiones. Si ya nos tocaba reducirlas mucho, y no parecĆa fĆ”cil, ahora toca reducirlas aĆŗn mĆ”s si no queremos pasar de la barrera de los dos grados de calentamiento establecida como lĆmite de seguridad en el Acuerdo de ParĆs. Cumplir la Agenda 2030 se nos va a hacer cuesta arriba con este colosal incendio que devasta un ecosistema que cada aƱo funciona un poco peor.
El incendio en abril de la catedral parisina de Notre Dame nos tuvo a todos en vilo. Nos apenó tanto que en pocas horas se organizaron donaciones y todo tipo de acciones que revelaban el poder de las imÔgenes del fuego para despertar conciencias. Los fuegos en el Amazonas nos quedan lejanos, se ven poco. De hecho, la vegetación tan húmeda quema mal y se ve mÔs el humo que el fuego. Pero lo realmente preocupante es todo lo que estos incendios amenazan. Y eso no se ve.
Bibliografia
Articulo :Fernando Valladares, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC)
Fernando Valladares
Profesor de Investigación en el Departamento de BiogeografĆa y Cambio Global, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientĆficas aporta financiación como institución fundacional de The Conversation ES.
Sigo tu trabajo desde hace muchĆsimos aƱos .Es un trabajo impecable y que aporta mucho a la sociedad,no solo en riqueza artĆstica ,sino en todo ese legado que haz ido construyendo,incluso en tu trabajo con los niƱos sin recursos , para hacer de este mundo un lugar mejor .
Este blog es interesante por que nos abre los ojos a esto tan grave ,triste y preocupante que estĆ” pasando con nuestro Amazonas “el pulmón del mundo ” que estĆ” siendo devastado gracias al capitalismo y que ahora ya con la magnitud de los daƱos ocasionados es irreversible .
Me pusiste a pensar como cuando se quemó Notre Dame el mundo entero se lamentó tanto y consiguió tanto dinero en tan poco tiempo para que fuera reconstruida ; pero de nuestro Amazonas no se habla,no se dice nada ,nadie se ha preocupado hasta el momento y lo siguen devastando .
Es preocupante ver cómo el mundo hoy camina sin conciencia y tanta ceguera mental que no le cuidado al problema tan grave que es este y mas aún con el tema del Covid.
Gracias otra vez Rick por tu aporte .
Esperemos que este artĆculo toque muchas conciencias .
La verdad no habĆa visto tu comentario y tengo comentarios hasta en ruso estaba aprobando comentarios muchos son spam , gracias por leer mis blogs amiga , sĆ ahora el tema es covid, noticieros internet, pero algo còmo el tema de amazonas a nadie le importa, mi ultimo blog sobre calentamiento global habla de eso si no nos oponemos pilas nos quedamos sin planeta, va a subir la temperatura mĆ”s 2 grados y en colombia deforestan 10 hectĆ”reas cada hora es terrible que Ć©se titete de presidente gaste 2500 millónes en su.programa de tv quĆ© nadie lo ce mientras podria mandar ejĆ©rcito o hacer que pare la nibwria ilegal y la deforestación , tala ilegal y esa madera la venden acĆ” y en el extrnjero a Ć©ste paso la amazonia de brazil y colombia ya no va a existir, realmente preocupante
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